Uterine polyps, or endometrial polyps, are overgrowths of tissue that develop in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). These growths are typically non-cancerous but can vary in size, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters. They may occur as a single polyp or multiple polyps and are attached to the uterine wall by a thin stalk or a broad base.
While uterine polyps are often benign, they can sometimes cause significant health issues, particularly when it comes to fertility.
Symptoms of Uterine Polyps
Some women with uterine polyps may not experience any symptoms, but common signs include:
- Irregular menstrual bleeding (e.g., heavy or prolonged periods)
- Bleeding between menstrual cycles
- Spotting after menopause
- Infertility or difficulty conceiving
- Pain during intercourse (in rare cases)
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider for evaluation.
How Do Uterine Polyps Affect Fertility?
Uterine polyps can interfere with fertility in several ways:
- Disruption of Implantation:
Polyps can hinder the implantation of a fertilized egg by altering the uterine environment or blocking the uterine cavity. - Increased Risk of Miscarriage:
The presence of polyps has been associated with a higher risk of miscarriage, as they may disrupt the uterine lining and make it less hospitable for pregnancy. - Hormonal Imbalances:
Polyps may contribute to hormonal irregularities, further complicating the process of ovulation and conception. - Physical Blockage:
Large polyps or multiple growths can obstruct the fallopian tubes or cervix, preventing sperm from reaching the egg or an embryo from implanting properly.
Diagnosing Uterine Polyps
To determine if uterine polyps are present, a healthcare provider may recommend one or more of the following diagnostic tools:
- Ultrasound: A transvaginal ultrasound can help identify abnormalities in the uterine lining.
- Hysteroscopy: This procedure involves inserting a thin, lighted scope into the uterus to directly visualize and sometimes remove polyps.
- Endometrial Biopsy: A small tissue sample may be taken to check for abnormalities.
- Sonohysterography: A specialized ultrasound that uses saline to expand the uterine cavity for better imaging.
Treatment Options for Uterine Polyps
The treatment for uterine polyps depends on the size, number, and symptoms they cause, as well as your fertility goals. Common treatments include:
- Polypectomy:
This procedure removes polyps and is often performed during a hysteroscopy. Removing polyps can significantly improve fertility outcomes. - Hormonal Therapy:
In some cases, hormonal medications (like progestins or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists) may be used to shrink polyps, though this is not a permanent solution. - Monitoring:
A “watch and wait” approach may be recommended for small, asymptomatic polyps.
Uterine Polyps and Fertility Treatment
For individuals struggling with infertility, removing uterine polyps can be a critical step in improving the chances of conception. Studies show that polypectomy enhances success rates for those undergoing fertility treatments such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF).
If you’ve been diagnosed with uterine polyps and are considering fertility treatments, a tailored approach to your care will be developed to optimize your chances of success.
When to Seek Help
If you suspect you have uterine polyps or are experiencing symptoms that affect your fertility, don’t wait to get help. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference in your ability to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term.
At NCCRM, our fertility specialists are here to provide compassionate care and cutting-edge solutions. From advanced diagnostics to minimally invasive procedures, we’ll help you navigate the challenges of uterine polyps and fertility.
Take the Next Step
Schedule your consultation today to learn how we can support your journey toward parenthood. Our team is dedicated to helping you overcome obstacles and achieve your dream of starting or growing your family.
Call us at 919-233-1680 to request an appointment here.
